Eduardo R. Ermita - Executive Secretary
Alberto G. Romulo - Department of Foreign Affairs
Domingo F. Panganiban, Arthur Yap - Department of Agriculture
Rolando G. Andaya - Departmen of Education
Jesli A. Lapus - Department of Education
Raphael P.M. Lotilla, Angelo T. Reyes - Department of Energy
Angelo T. Reyes, Lito Atienza - Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Margarito B. Teves - Department of Finance
Francisco T. Duque III - Department of Health
Ronaldo V. Puno - Department of Interior and Local Government
Raul M. Gonzalez, Solicitor General Agnes Devanadera (OIC) - Department of Justice
Arturo D. Brion - Department of Labor and Employment
Nasser C. Pangandanan - Department of Land Reform
Gilbert Teodoro Jr. - Department of National Defense
Romulo L. Neri, Augusto Santos - National Economic and Development Authority
Hermogenes E. Ebdane Jr., Manuel M. Bonoan - Department of Public Works and Highways
Estrella F. Alabastro - Department of Science and Technology
Esperanza I. Cabral - Department of Social Welfare and Development
Joseph H. Durano - Department of Tourism
Peter B. Favila - Department of Trade and Industry
Leandro R. Mendoza - Department of Transportation and Communication
Ignacio R. Bunye - Press Secretary
Sunday, December 9, 2007
The Philppine Senators
Current Senators of the Philippines.
Elected on May 2004 and will serve until June 30, 2010.
Rodolfo G. Biazon
Pilar Juliana S. Cayetano
Miriam Defensor-Santiago
Juan Ponce Enrile
Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada - Senate President Pro-Tempore
Richard J. Gordon
Manuel M. Lapid
Alfredo S. Lim - Now Mayor of Manila
Jamby A.S. Madrigal
Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr. - Minority Leader
Ramon B. Revilla Jr.
Manuel A. Roxas II
Elected on May 2007 and will serve until 2013
Manny Villar - Senate President
Kiko Pangilinan - Majority Leader
Edgardo Angara
Benigno Aquino III
Joker Arroyo
Alan Peter Cayetano
Francis Escudero
Gregorio Honasan
Panfilo Lacson
Loren Legarda
Antonio Trillanes IV
Juan Miguel Zubiri
Elected on May 2004 and will serve until June 30, 2010.
Rodolfo G. Biazon
Pilar Juliana S. Cayetano
Miriam Defensor-Santiago
Juan Ponce Enrile
Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada - Senate President Pro-Tempore
Richard J. Gordon
Manuel M. Lapid
Alfredo S. Lim - Now Mayor of Manila
Jamby A.S. Madrigal
Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr. - Minority Leader
Ramon B. Revilla Jr.
Manuel A. Roxas II
Elected on May 2007 and will serve until 2013
Manny Villar - Senate President
Kiko Pangilinan - Majority Leader
Edgardo Angara
Benigno Aquino III
Joker Arroyo
Alan Peter Cayetano
Francis Escudero
Gregorio Honasan
Panfilo Lacson
Loren Legarda
Antonio Trillanes IV
Juan Miguel Zubiri
Poultry Enterprises
Poultry Enterprises is a component of a Poultry business.
Poultry is the category of domesticated birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers. It also include other meat birds such as pigeons or doves or game birds like pheasants. The term also refers to the flesh of such birds.
1. Laying Hens – Laying hens are reared for egg production. This enterprise are in charge of every aspects of a laying hen operation, including animal care, egg collection, processing and distribution.
2. Replacement Pullets – A pullet is a young chicken, more specifically a hen (female) at least 20-weeks-old which has begun to lay eggs but has not yet moulted. This enterprise can be divided into replacement of commercial layers and breeders layers.
3. Broilers – A broiler is a turky slaughtered for meat while it is still young and tender. Modern commercial broilers are specially bred for meat production and grow much faster than egg breeds. Both male and female broiler turkys are slaughtered for their meat. This enterprise are in charged of every aspect of a broiler grow-out, including animal care, maintaining environmental conditions and preparing animals for market.
4. Game birds – The rearing of game birds and other exotic fowl is usually done in one of three production areas—for show or exhibition, meat production, or in the case of game birds such as pheasants, for release and subsequent hunting. This enterprise are in charge of every aspect of game bird production, including breeder and hatchery management, and care of growing of game birds.
Poultry is the category of domesticated birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers. It also include other meat birds such as pigeons or doves or game birds like pheasants. The term also refers to the flesh of such birds.
1. Laying Hens – Laying hens are reared for egg production. This enterprise are in charge of every aspects of a laying hen operation, including animal care, egg collection, processing and distribution.
2. Replacement Pullets – A pullet is a young chicken, more specifically a hen (female) at least 20-weeks-old which has begun to lay eggs but has not yet moulted. This enterprise can be divided into replacement of commercial layers and breeders layers.
3. Broilers – A broiler is a turky slaughtered for meat while it is still young and tender. Modern commercial broilers are specially bred for meat production and grow much faster than egg breeds. Both male and female broiler turkys are slaughtered for their meat. This enterprise are in charged of every aspect of a broiler grow-out, including animal care, maintaining environmental conditions and preparing animals for market.
4. Game birds – The rearing of game birds and other exotic fowl is usually done in one of three production areas—for show or exhibition, meat production, or in the case of game birds such as pheasants, for release and subsequent hunting. This enterprise are in charge of every aspect of game bird production, including breeder and hatchery management, and care of growing of game birds.
Thursday, December 6, 2007
Sampaguita and Aloe Vera Extract as Hair Grower
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Aloe Vera Extract As Hair Grower and Sampaguita as Fragrant.
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Aloe Vera Extract As Hair Grower and Sampaguita as Fragrant.
Comments below are from the previous entry, the file has already been edited and check.
Boiled Lemon grass as a Diarrhea Medicine
Abstract:
Diarrhea usually develops suddenly and may last from several hours to a few days. It is often accompanied by abdominal pains, low fever, nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea is a common symptoms of “gastrointestinal”. This investigatory project shows that we can produce diarrhea medicine without spending much money, time and effort. This investigatory help to save the money of patient suffering from diarrhea instead of buying expensive commercialized medicine. It has no side effects because of it has no chemical containing ingredients: lemongrass, sugar, ginger and water. Just make sure that the materials you used is clean, especially the water, sometimes we get diarrhea in water we use, and sometimes, in improper cleaning of our body.
Background of the Study:
We have notice that our community has a lots of food, so that we produced investigatory about medicine. Because of our opinion, we get many kinds of illness, such as diarrhea on it. This investigatory project is easy to produce. Lemon grass, sugar, ginger and water are the main ingredients. Lemon grass is a tropical grass cultivated to boil to make its syrup. If we don’t put sugar our investigatory will be tasteless.
Statement of the Problem:
1. Can we produce diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar?
2. Is the proposed medicine has side effects?
3. Do we need much money to produce this investigatory project?
Hypothesis:
1. We can produce our own diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar.
2. The proposed medicine has no side effect because of its ingredients.
3. We don’t need much money to produce this investigatory project.
Significance of the Study:
The significance of the study is that we can produce diarrhea medicine without wasting much money, time and effort. For example, one of your family members suffers from diarrhea. You live in farm, usually lemon grass planted in the farm. If you have these ingredients, you can make diarrhea medicine.
Objectives of the study:
1. To help people who have no enough money to save their money instead of buying expensive commercialized diarrhea medicine.
2. To give ideas on how to make medicine without spending much money, time and effort.
3. To prove that we don’t need to waste money for buying medicine. Be widen your imagination.
Scope and Limitation:
1. This study used only sugar as flavoring. Not too sweet, not to bitter. So that when kids drink it, they will not throw it or they drink it without demanding.
We also used star apple leaves, but we thought that if we use lemon grass without sugar, children will drink it more than star apple.
Materials:
Casserole Ginger
Lemon Grass Cup/Glass
Sugar Clean Water
Procedure:
1. Get 10 leaves of lemon grass
2. Wash it with clean water
3. Put it in the casserole with 2 glasses of water then boil it with in 10 minutes.
4. Add with 1 tablespoon of sugar and piece of ginger.
5. Put it in cup of glass.
Dosage:
Adults : 1 cup (3x a day)
Children : Baby: 1 tablespoon (3x a day)
2 – 6 yrs. Old : ¼ cup (3x a day)
7 – 12 yrs. Old : ½ cup (3x a day)
Review of Related Literature:
Based on Encarta 2007, diarrhea is a frequent passage of abnormally loose watery stool. Diarrhea is usually develops suddenly and may last from several hours to a few days. It is often accompanied by abdominal pains, low fever, nausea and vomiting. It’s symptoms of numerous disorders, such as food poisoning from contaminated foods or beverages, infections by viruses and bacteria anxiety.
Chronic diarrhea, which last for weeks or months, may be caused by amoebic dysentery intestinal infections, tumors and other serious intestinal disorders such as crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or irritable bowel syndrome.
The usual treatment for diarrhea consists of bed rest, drinking liquids to replace fluids and salt lost from body and eating soft foods. Dehydration is a serious concern infants and the elderly.
Carbohydrates are the human body’s key source of energy providing a calories of energy per gram when carbohydrates are broken down by the body the sugar glucose is produced, glucose is critical to help maintain tissue protein, metabolized fat and fuel central nervous system.
Enteritis is an inflammatory disease of intestine accompanied usually by abdominal pain, cramps, fever, loss of appetite, nausea and diarrhea.
Analyzing Record / Data
Boiled leaves used Observation
Boiled Lemon grass It can cure diarrhea
Boiled Star Apple leaves It can cure diarrhea
Boiled lagundi leaves It can’t cure diarrhea,
recommended only for cough.
It shows that the lemon grass and star apple leaves when you boil it, can cure diarrhea. The boiled lagundi doesn’t cure diarrhea, its is usually recommended for cough.
Taste of each boiled leaves Observation
The taste of boiled lemon grass is The children don’t
not so sweet and not also bitter demand when they drink it
The taste of boiled star apple is the children don’t want
bitter to drink because of its taste
The taste of boiled lagundi Is more bitter and it is also for couch only.
It shows that the children want the taste of boiled lemon grass than the other boiled leaves. One reason is because of its taste. We cannot able to give boiled lagundi to the children suffer from diarrhea further to make new medicine.
Conclusion:
1. We can produced diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar.
2. The proposed medicine has no side effect because its ingredients that doesn’t contain chemical.
3. We don’t need to spend more money in producing this project. Simply get lemon grass and put sugar, ginger and water and boil it.
Recommendation:
1. Research about combination of plants that can cure illness.
2. Study the plants that do not contain chemical. Then taste if it can cure illness.
3. Study further about plants that can cure illness to help the people who are lack of money to buy expensive medicine.
Diarrhea usually develops suddenly and may last from several hours to a few days. It is often accompanied by abdominal pains, low fever, nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea is a common symptoms of “gastrointestinal”. This investigatory project shows that we can produce diarrhea medicine without spending much money, time and effort. This investigatory help to save the money of patient suffering from diarrhea instead of buying expensive commercialized medicine. It has no side effects because of it has no chemical containing ingredients: lemongrass, sugar, ginger and water. Just make sure that the materials you used is clean, especially the water, sometimes we get diarrhea in water we use, and sometimes, in improper cleaning of our body.
Background of the Study:
We have notice that our community has a lots of food, so that we produced investigatory about medicine. Because of our opinion, we get many kinds of illness, such as diarrhea on it. This investigatory project is easy to produce. Lemon grass, sugar, ginger and water are the main ingredients. Lemon grass is a tropical grass cultivated to boil to make its syrup. If we don’t put sugar our investigatory will be tasteless.
Statement of the Problem:
1. Can we produce diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar?
2. Is the proposed medicine has side effects?
3. Do we need much money to produce this investigatory project?
Hypothesis:
1. We can produce our own diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar.
2. The proposed medicine has no side effect because of its ingredients.
3. We don’t need much money to produce this investigatory project.
Significance of the Study:
The significance of the study is that we can produce diarrhea medicine without wasting much money, time and effort. For example, one of your family members suffers from diarrhea. You live in farm, usually lemon grass planted in the farm. If you have these ingredients, you can make diarrhea medicine.
Objectives of the study:
1. To help people who have no enough money to save their money instead of buying expensive commercialized diarrhea medicine.
2. To give ideas on how to make medicine without spending much money, time and effort.
3. To prove that we don’t need to waste money for buying medicine. Be widen your imagination.
Scope and Limitation:
1. This study used only sugar as flavoring. Not too sweet, not to bitter. So that when kids drink it, they will not throw it or they drink it without demanding.
We also used star apple leaves, but we thought that if we use lemon grass without sugar, children will drink it more than star apple.
Materials:
Casserole Ginger
Lemon Grass Cup/Glass
Sugar Clean Water
Procedure:
1. Get 10 leaves of lemon grass
2. Wash it with clean water
3. Put it in the casserole with 2 glasses of water then boil it with in 10 minutes.
4. Add with 1 tablespoon of sugar and piece of ginger.
5. Put it in cup of glass.
Dosage:
Adults : 1 cup (3x a day)
Children : Baby: 1 tablespoon (3x a day)
2 – 6 yrs. Old : ¼ cup (3x a day)
7 – 12 yrs. Old : ½ cup (3x a day)
Review of Related Literature:
Based on Encarta 2007, diarrhea is a frequent passage of abnormally loose watery stool. Diarrhea is usually develops suddenly and may last from several hours to a few days. It is often accompanied by abdominal pains, low fever, nausea and vomiting. It’s symptoms of numerous disorders, such as food poisoning from contaminated foods or beverages, infections by viruses and bacteria anxiety.
Chronic diarrhea, which last for weeks or months, may be caused by amoebic dysentery intestinal infections, tumors and other serious intestinal disorders such as crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or irritable bowel syndrome.
The usual treatment for diarrhea consists of bed rest, drinking liquids to replace fluids and salt lost from body and eating soft foods. Dehydration is a serious concern infants and the elderly.
Carbohydrates are the human body’s key source of energy providing a calories of energy per gram when carbohydrates are broken down by the body the sugar glucose is produced, glucose is critical to help maintain tissue protein, metabolized fat and fuel central nervous system.
Enteritis is an inflammatory disease of intestine accompanied usually by abdominal pain, cramps, fever, loss of appetite, nausea and diarrhea.
Analyzing Record / Data
Boiled leaves used Observation
Boiled Lemon grass It can cure diarrhea
Boiled Star Apple leaves It can cure diarrhea
Boiled lagundi leaves It can’t cure diarrhea,
recommended only for cough.
It shows that the lemon grass and star apple leaves when you boil it, can cure diarrhea. The boiled lagundi doesn’t cure diarrhea, its is usually recommended for cough.
Taste of each boiled leaves Observation
The taste of boiled lemon grass is The children don’t
not so sweet and not also bitter demand when they drink it
The taste of boiled star apple is the children don’t want
bitter to drink because of its taste
The taste of boiled lagundi Is more bitter and it is also for couch only.
It shows that the children want the taste of boiled lemon grass than the other boiled leaves. One reason is because of its taste. We cannot able to give boiled lagundi to the children suffer from diarrhea further to make new medicine.
Conclusion:
1. We can produced diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar.
2. The proposed medicine has no side effect because its ingredients that doesn’t contain chemical.
3. We don’t need to spend more money in producing this project. Simply get lemon grass and put sugar, ginger and water and boil it.
Recommendation:
1. Research about combination of plants that can cure illness.
2. Study the plants that do not contain chemical. Then taste if it can cure illness.
3. Study further about plants that can cure illness to help the people who are lack of money to buy expensive medicine.
The Effect of Boiled Lagundi Leaves to the Cough
Abstract:
Carbocistine is a kind of medicine who can cure cough. This investigatory project that we made shows that we can make our own cough reliever without spending money and we use herbal plants instead of chemicals. It is much affordable if you have a lagundi plant (vitex negudo l.) in your backyard. We add brown sugar so that the syrup will have a sweet taste.
Background of the Study:
Many people, especially those who are poor cannot afford to buy medicine when they are sick. How can they solve it? Well I suggest to use the herbal plant lagundi (nitex negundo l.) to remove cough. In making our own carbocistine we can prevent spending for buying carbocistine. The only ingredients we use are water, lagundi leaves, arnibal (brown sugar) and vinegar. I use arnibal because it is sweeter than white sugar.
Statement of the Problem:
This study ought to answer the following problems:
1. Can we produce our own carbocistine out of lagundi leaves, and arnibal?
2. Is the carbocistine effective?
3. Is the vinegar an effective preservative?
Carbocistine – cough medicine
Lagundi – Scientific name: vitex negundo l. English name: fine leaved chaste tree, Tagalog name: lagundi, kamalan.
Vinegar – a sour liquid obtained by fermentation of wine or malt use to flavor or preserve foods.
Brown sugar – soft sugar whose crystals are covered by a film of refined dark syrup.
Analysis of Data:
1. For the first time we conduct an experiment. We are not satisfied in the syrup we made. It spoiled after 1 day.
2. Second time we made a syrup, we are more satisfied with the syrup that the first and it didn’t spoiled after one day.
Hypothesis:
1. We can produce lagundi syrup out of lagundi leaves, brown sugar, and vinegar.
2. The lagundi syrup is safe to drink
3. Lagundi leaves are the best the best preservative for lagundi syrup.
Significance of the study:
The significance of the study that we can produce lagundi syrup without wasting much time and money. For example your house is very far from drug store and there is no available lagundi syrup in the store near your house and you need lagundi syrup. You can produce lagundi syrup instead of traveling very from your house to the drug store just to buy expensive lagundi syrup, this project can help not only the students but also for others.
Objective of the Study
The objectives of this study are
1. To make a cheaper lagundi syrup.
2. To make a non toxic and safe syrup.
3. To lessen the burden of the people who undergo financial difficulties on how to budget their money.
Scope and Delimitation:
This study has the following scope and delimitation.
Review of Related Literature
Lagundi
Materials and Equipments
* Casserole * Brown sugar
* Strainer * Vinegar
* Bowl * Stove
* Lagundi leaves
Procedure:
1. Boiled lagundi leaves
Prepare all the materials needed. After preparing, wash the lagundi leaves the, put in the casserole and add water. Put the casserole in the stove when the water was boiled. Remove the casserole in the stove. After removing, strain the lagundi leaves
2. Brown sugar and vinegar
Prepare all the materials needed. Put the brown sugar in the casserole, put the casserole in the stove. And add 2 glass of water. When the sugar was melted add vinegar. When it was boiled add the essence of lagundi leaves. When boiled, remove the casserole form the stove.
Summary:
We can produce a carbocistine by lagundi leaves, brown sugar and vinegar. Vinegar is the best preservative. In this project sugar is the best flavoring but the taste of our carbocistine is not good because it is sweet, sour and bitter. The three kinds of flavors were combined. Through this Science investigatory project, we can produce affordable and safe carbocistine because the ingredients we used are non-toxic. This project can be an answer to peoples who supper from cough.
Conclusion:
After the study had been done, the following conclusions were made.
1. We can produce carbocistine lagundi syrup out of lagundi leaves, sugar and vinegar.
2. The produced lagundi syrup is safe to use since it does not contain any toxic chemicals.
3. The vinegar is the best preservative for carbocistine.
Recommendation:
The following recommendation were given.
1. Perform further study in producing flavors to the carbocistine
2. Test other preservative to prolong the life of the lagundi syrup.
3. Do further study to improve the quality of the syrup made.
Carbocistine is a kind of medicine who can cure cough. This investigatory project that we made shows that we can make our own cough reliever without spending money and we use herbal plants instead of chemicals. It is much affordable if you have a lagundi plant (vitex negudo l.) in your backyard. We add brown sugar so that the syrup will have a sweet taste.
Background of the Study:
Many people, especially those who are poor cannot afford to buy medicine when they are sick. How can they solve it? Well I suggest to use the herbal plant lagundi (nitex negundo l.) to remove cough. In making our own carbocistine we can prevent spending for buying carbocistine. The only ingredients we use are water, lagundi leaves, arnibal (brown sugar) and vinegar. I use arnibal because it is sweeter than white sugar.
Statement of the Problem:
This study ought to answer the following problems:
1. Can we produce our own carbocistine out of lagundi leaves, and arnibal?
2. Is the carbocistine effective?
3. Is the vinegar an effective preservative?
Carbocistine – cough medicine
Lagundi – Scientific name: vitex negundo l. English name: fine leaved chaste tree, Tagalog name: lagundi, kamalan.
Vinegar – a sour liquid obtained by fermentation of wine or malt use to flavor or preserve foods.
Brown sugar – soft sugar whose crystals are covered by a film of refined dark syrup.
Analysis of Data:
1. For the first time we conduct an experiment. We are not satisfied in the syrup we made. It spoiled after 1 day.
2. Second time we made a syrup, we are more satisfied with the syrup that the first and it didn’t spoiled after one day.
Hypothesis:
1. We can produce lagundi syrup out of lagundi leaves, brown sugar, and vinegar.
2. The lagundi syrup is safe to drink
3. Lagundi leaves are the best the best preservative for lagundi syrup.
Significance of the study:
The significance of the study that we can produce lagundi syrup without wasting much time and money. For example your house is very far from drug store and there is no available lagundi syrup in the store near your house and you need lagundi syrup. You can produce lagundi syrup instead of traveling very from your house to the drug store just to buy expensive lagundi syrup, this project can help not only the students but also for others.
Objective of the Study
The objectives of this study are
1. To make a cheaper lagundi syrup.
2. To make a non toxic and safe syrup.
3. To lessen the burden of the people who undergo financial difficulties on how to budget their money.
Scope and Delimitation:
This study has the following scope and delimitation.
Review of Related Literature
Lagundi
Materials and Equipments
* Casserole * Brown sugar
* Strainer * Vinegar
* Bowl * Stove
* Lagundi leaves
Procedure:
1. Boiled lagundi leaves
Prepare all the materials needed. After preparing, wash the lagundi leaves the, put in the casserole and add water. Put the casserole in the stove when the water was boiled. Remove the casserole in the stove. After removing, strain the lagundi leaves
2. Brown sugar and vinegar
Prepare all the materials needed. Put the brown sugar in the casserole, put the casserole in the stove. And add 2 glass of water. When the sugar was melted add vinegar. When it was boiled add the essence of lagundi leaves. When boiled, remove the casserole form the stove.
Summary:
We can produce a carbocistine by lagundi leaves, brown sugar and vinegar. Vinegar is the best preservative. In this project sugar is the best flavoring but the taste of our carbocistine is not good because it is sweet, sour and bitter. The three kinds of flavors were combined. Through this Science investigatory project, we can produce affordable and safe carbocistine because the ingredients we used are non-toxic. This project can be an answer to peoples who supper from cough.
Conclusion:
After the study had been done, the following conclusions were made.
1. We can produce carbocistine lagundi syrup out of lagundi leaves, sugar and vinegar.
2. The produced lagundi syrup is safe to use since it does not contain any toxic chemicals.
3. The vinegar is the best preservative for carbocistine.
Recommendation:
The following recommendation were given.
1. Perform further study in producing flavors to the carbocistine
2. Test other preservative to prolong the life of the lagundi syrup.
3. Do further study to improve the quality of the syrup made.
Namie as Rat Killer
Namie Rat Killer is a quick acting, easy-to-use rodenticide used in baits to control field rats, mice and other harmful rodents. It can be used in open dumps, as torpedo baits as well as in fields of rice, corn, sugar cane and other crops.
Ingredients
2 Namei Rot Crops
“Introducing the Ingridients”
Namei – is a kind of root crops that contain a poisonous substances. This kind of root crops will find in island of Iling proper here in Occidental Mindoro. This root crops is like a potato, it’s color yellow.
Material to used:
Knife Piece of Plywood
Mortal and Pestel Glabs
Wooden Spoon
Procedure:
1. Cut the Namei in small and very thin layer.
2. After you slice it, you dried it and put in on the piece of plywood and put it under the sun for one week / seventeen days. Form morning until 5:30 in the afternoon.
3. Always visit it after you place it under the sun, put it in the area must keep out of reach of the children.
4. After the seven days observation, if you see it is brittle after seven days / one week, then use mortal and pestel to pulverize the Namei.
5. Pulverize it until you see it became powder.
6. After you pulverize the Namei it is ready to mix in your bait.
How to use this products
Pre-baiting – Prepare crushed rice, corn, dried fish or any foodstuff relished by rats. Place ½ teaspoon of the bait on Banana Leaves where rats regularly pfrequent or near their burrows. Pre-baiting may be continued for 2 days to ensure acceptance of the bait.
Poisoned baits – use the same materials as used in the pre-baiting. Mix thoroughly 2 – 3 grams of Namei rat killer with 100 grams of bait materials. Put the poisoned baits in places where rats have eaten the poison-free baits. Be sure to put the poisoned baits at night in place where it can not be reached by domestic animals. The poison baiting wil be for one day only. Remove and bury all leftovers. If rat nuisance reoccurs, carry out similar baiting procedure after 2 weeks.
Advantage and Disadvatage
Advanteges:
The advantages of this product is. It asure that it kills the rats or other harmfull rodents easily and it is easy to used.
Disadvantages:
If there is advantages of course there is disadvantages like, if you swallowed, inhaled or absorb through the skin it can cause of your death or deases.
Warning:
This product may be harmfull is swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
Precaution:
Namei Rat Killer can causes death. When inhaled or swallowed. Never handle it with bare hands. Use rubber gloves or woodenspoon. Wash thoroughly your hands and/or clothes which have come in contact with Namei Rat Killer.
Storage and Disposal:
Store in original container in dry, well-built, well-lit and ventilated rooms/premises or sufficient dimensions to avoid contamination with vafor or dusts and far away from room/premises used for storing other articles, especially food articles or keep under lock and key. Remove destroy and bury all empty containers, surplus material, left over baits and animals killed by Namei Rat Killer far away from human habitation so as to prevent environment/water pollution and protect scavenging birds and animals.
Ingredients
2 Namei Rot Crops
“Introducing the Ingridients”
Namei – is a kind of root crops that contain a poisonous substances. This kind of root crops will find in island of Iling proper here in Occidental Mindoro. This root crops is like a potato, it’s color yellow.
Material to used:
Knife Piece of Plywood
Mortal and Pestel Glabs
Wooden Spoon
Procedure:
1. Cut the Namei in small and very thin layer.
2. After you slice it, you dried it and put in on the piece of plywood and put it under the sun for one week / seventeen days. Form morning until 5:30 in the afternoon.
3. Always visit it after you place it under the sun, put it in the area must keep out of reach of the children.
4. After the seven days observation, if you see it is brittle after seven days / one week, then use mortal and pestel to pulverize the Namei.
5. Pulverize it until you see it became powder.
6. After you pulverize the Namei it is ready to mix in your bait.
How to use this products
Pre-baiting – Prepare crushed rice, corn, dried fish or any foodstuff relished by rats. Place ½ teaspoon of the bait on Banana Leaves where rats regularly pfrequent or near their burrows. Pre-baiting may be continued for 2 days to ensure acceptance of the bait.
Poisoned baits – use the same materials as used in the pre-baiting. Mix thoroughly 2 – 3 grams of Namei rat killer with 100 grams of bait materials. Put the poisoned baits in places where rats have eaten the poison-free baits. Be sure to put the poisoned baits at night in place where it can not be reached by domestic animals. The poison baiting wil be for one day only. Remove and bury all leftovers. If rat nuisance reoccurs, carry out similar baiting procedure after 2 weeks.
Advantage and Disadvatage
Advanteges:
The advantages of this product is. It asure that it kills the rats or other harmfull rodents easily and it is easy to used.
Disadvantages:
If there is advantages of course there is disadvantages like, if you swallowed, inhaled or absorb through the skin it can cause of your death or deases.
Warning:
This product may be harmfull is swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
Precaution:
Namei Rat Killer can causes death. When inhaled or swallowed. Never handle it with bare hands. Use rubber gloves or woodenspoon. Wash thoroughly your hands and/or clothes which have come in contact with Namei Rat Killer.
Storage and Disposal:
Store in original container in dry, well-built, well-lit and ventilated rooms/premises or sufficient dimensions to avoid contamination with vafor or dusts and far away from room/premises used for storing other articles, especially food articles or keep under lock and key. Remove destroy and bury all empty containers, surplus material, left over baits and animals killed by Namei Rat Killer far away from human habitation so as to prevent environment/water pollution and protect scavenging birds and animals.
Boiled Lemon Grass as a Diarrhea Medicine
Abstract:
Diarrhea usually develops suddenly and may last from several hours to a few days. It is often accompanied by abdominal pains, low fever, nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea is a common symptoms of “gastrointestinal”. This investigatory project shows that we can produce diarrhea medicine without spending much money, time and effort. This investigatory help to save the money of patient suffering from diarrhea instead of buying expensive commercialized medicine. It has no side effects because of it has no chemical containing ingredients: lemongrass, sugar, ginger and water. Just make sure that the materials you used is clean, especially the water, sometimes we get diarrhea in water we use, and sometimes, in improper cleaning of our body.
Background of the Study:
We have notice that our community has a lots of food, so that we produced investigatory about medicine. Because of our opinion, we get many kinds of illness, such as diarrhea on it. This investigatory project is easy to produce. Lemon grass, sugar, ginger and water are the main ingredients. Lemon grass is a tropical grass cultivated to boil to make its syrup. If we don’t put sugar our investigatory will be tasteless.
Statement of the Problem:
1. Can we produce diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar?
2. Is the proposed medicine has side effects?
3. Do we need much money to produce this investigatory project?
Hypothesis:
1. We can produce our own diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar.
2. The proposed medicine has no side effect because of its ingredients.
3. We don’t need much money to produce this investigatory project.
Significance of the Study:
The significance of the study is that we can produce diarrhea medicine without wasting much money, time and effort. For example, one of your family members suffers from diarrhea. You live in farm, usually lemon grass planted in the farm. If you have these ingredients, you can make diarrhea medicine.
Objectives of the study:
1. To help people who have no enough money to save their money instead of buying expensive commercialized diarrhea medicine.
2. To give ideas on how to make medicine without spending much money, time and effort.
3. To prove that we don’t need to waste money for buying medicine. Be widen your imagination.
Scope and Limitation:
1. This study used only sugar as flavoring. Not too sweet, not to bitter. So that when kids drink it, they will not throw it or they drink it without demanding.
We also used star apple leaves, but we thought that if we use lemon grass without sugar, children will drink it more than star apple.
Materials:
Casserole Ginger
Lemon Grass Cup/Glass
Sugar Clean Water
Procedure:
1. Get 10 leaves of lemon grass
2. Wash it with clean water
3. Put it in the casserole with 2 glasses of water then boil it with in 10 minutes.
4. Add with 1 tablespoon of sugar and piece of ginger.
5. Put it in cup of glass.
Dosage:
Adults : 1 cup (3x a day)
Children : Baby: 1 tablespoon (3x a day)
2 – 6 yrs. Old : ¼ cup (3x a day)
7 – 12 yrs. Old : ½ cup (3x a day)
Review of Related Literature:
Based on Encarta 2007, diarrhea is a frequent passage of abnormally loose watery stool. Diarrhea is usually develops suddenly and may last from several hours to a few days. It is often accompanied by abdominal pains, low fever, nausea and vomiting. It’s symptoms of numerous disorders, such as food poisoning from contaminated foods or beverages, infections by viruses and bacteria anxiety.
Chronic diarrhea, which last for weeks or months, may be caused by amoebic dysentery intestinal infections, tumors and other serious intestinal disorders such as crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or irritable bowel syndrome.
The usual treatment for diarrhea consists of bed rest, drinking liquids to replace fluids and salt lost from body and eating soft foods. Dehydration is a serious concern infants and the elderly.
Carbohydrates are the human body’s key source of energy providing a calories of energy per gram when carbohydrates are broken down by the body the sugar glucose is produced, glucose is critical to help maintain tissue protein, metabolized fat and fuel central nervous system.
Enteritis is an inflammatory disease of intestine accompanied usually by abdominal pain, cramps, fever, loss of appetite, nausea and diarrhea.
Analyzing Record / Data
Boiled leaves used Observation
Boiled Lemon grass It can cure diarrhea
Boiled Star Apple leaves It can cure diarrhea
Boiled lagundi leaves It can’t cure diarrhea,
recommended only for cough.
It shows that the lemon grass and star apple leaves when you boil it, can cure diarrhea. The boiled lagundi doesn’t cure diarrhea, its is usually recommended for cough.
Taste of each boiled leaves Observation
The taste of boiled lemon grass is The children don’t
not so sweet and not also bitter demand when they drink it
The taste of boiled star apple is the children don’t want
bitter to drink because of its taste
The taste of boiled lagundi Is more bitter and it is also for couch only.
It shows that the children want the taste of boiled lemon grass than the other boiled leaves. One reason is because of its taste. We cannot able to give boiled lagundi to the children suffer from diarrhea further to make new medicine.
Conclusion:
1. We can produced diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar.
2. The proposed medicine has no side effect because its ingredients that doesn’t contain chemical.
3. We don’t need to spend more money in producing this project. Simply get lemon grass and put sugar, ginger and water and boil it.
Recommendation:
1. Research about combination of plants that can cure illness.
2. Study the plants that do not contain chemical. Then taste if it can cure illness.
3. Study further about plants that can cure illness to help the people who are lack of money to buy expensive medicine.
Diarrhea usually develops suddenly and may last from several hours to a few days. It is often accompanied by abdominal pains, low fever, nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea is a common symptoms of “gastrointestinal”. This investigatory project shows that we can produce diarrhea medicine without spending much money, time and effort. This investigatory help to save the money of patient suffering from diarrhea instead of buying expensive commercialized medicine. It has no side effects because of it has no chemical containing ingredients: lemongrass, sugar, ginger and water. Just make sure that the materials you used is clean, especially the water, sometimes we get diarrhea in water we use, and sometimes, in improper cleaning of our body.
Background of the Study:
We have notice that our community has a lots of food, so that we produced investigatory about medicine. Because of our opinion, we get many kinds of illness, such as diarrhea on it. This investigatory project is easy to produce. Lemon grass, sugar, ginger and water are the main ingredients. Lemon grass is a tropical grass cultivated to boil to make its syrup. If we don’t put sugar our investigatory will be tasteless.
Statement of the Problem:
1. Can we produce diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar?
2. Is the proposed medicine has side effects?
3. Do we need much money to produce this investigatory project?
Hypothesis:
1. We can produce our own diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar.
2. The proposed medicine has no side effect because of its ingredients.
3. We don’t need much money to produce this investigatory project.
Significance of the Study:
The significance of the study is that we can produce diarrhea medicine without wasting much money, time and effort. For example, one of your family members suffers from diarrhea. You live in farm, usually lemon grass planted in the farm. If you have these ingredients, you can make diarrhea medicine.
Objectives of the study:
1. To help people who have no enough money to save their money instead of buying expensive commercialized diarrhea medicine.
2. To give ideas on how to make medicine without spending much money, time and effort.
3. To prove that we don’t need to waste money for buying medicine. Be widen your imagination.
Scope and Limitation:
1. This study used only sugar as flavoring. Not too sweet, not to bitter. So that when kids drink it, they will not throw it or they drink it without demanding.
We also used star apple leaves, but we thought that if we use lemon grass without sugar, children will drink it more than star apple.
Materials:
Casserole Ginger
Lemon Grass Cup/Glass
Sugar Clean Water
Procedure:
1. Get 10 leaves of lemon grass
2. Wash it with clean water
3. Put it in the casserole with 2 glasses of water then boil it with in 10 minutes.
4. Add with 1 tablespoon of sugar and piece of ginger.
5. Put it in cup of glass.
Dosage:
Adults : 1 cup (3x a day)
Children : Baby: 1 tablespoon (3x a day)
2 – 6 yrs. Old : ¼ cup (3x a day)
7 – 12 yrs. Old : ½ cup (3x a day)
Review of Related Literature:
Based on Encarta 2007, diarrhea is a frequent passage of abnormally loose watery stool. Diarrhea is usually develops suddenly and may last from several hours to a few days. It is often accompanied by abdominal pains, low fever, nausea and vomiting. It’s symptoms of numerous disorders, such as food poisoning from contaminated foods or beverages, infections by viruses and bacteria anxiety.
Chronic diarrhea, which last for weeks or months, may be caused by amoebic dysentery intestinal infections, tumors and other serious intestinal disorders such as crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or irritable bowel syndrome.
The usual treatment for diarrhea consists of bed rest, drinking liquids to replace fluids and salt lost from body and eating soft foods. Dehydration is a serious concern infants and the elderly.
Carbohydrates are the human body’s key source of energy providing a calories of energy per gram when carbohydrates are broken down by the body the sugar glucose is produced, glucose is critical to help maintain tissue protein, metabolized fat and fuel central nervous system.
Enteritis is an inflammatory disease of intestine accompanied usually by abdominal pain, cramps, fever, loss of appetite, nausea and diarrhea.
Analyzing Record / Data
Boiled leaves used Observation
Boiled Lemon grass It can cure diarrhea
Boiled Star Apple leaves It can cure diarrhea
Boiled lagundi leaves It can’t cure diarrhea,
recommended only for cough.
It shows that the lemon grass and star apple leaves when you boil it, can cure diarrhea. The boiled lagundi doesn’t cure diarrhea, its is usually recommended for cough.
Taste of each boiled leaves Observation
The taste of boiled lemon grass is The children don’t
not so sweet and not also bitter demand when they drink it
The taste of boiled star apple is the children don’t want
bitter to drink because of its taste
The taste of boiled lagundi Is more bitter and it is also for couch only.
It shows that the children want the taste of boiled lemon grass than the other boiled leaves. One reason is because of its taste. We cannot able to give boiled lagundi to the children suffer from diarrhea further to make new medicine.
Conclusion:
1. We can produced diarrhea medicine out of lemon grass, ginger, water and sugar.
2. The proposed medicine has no side effect because its ingredients that doesn’t contain chemical.
3. We don’t need to spend more money in producing this project. Simply get lemon grass and put sugar, ginger and water and boil it.
Recommendation:
1. Research about combination of plants that can cure illness.
2. Study the plants that do not contain chemical. Then taste if it can cure illness.
3. Study further about plants that can cure illness to help the people who are lack of money to buy expensive medicine.
he Effect of Extracted Aloe Vera and Sampaguita for Growth Hormone of Hair
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Aloe Vera Extract As Hair Grower and Sampaguita as Fragrant.
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Aloe Vera Extract As Hair Grower and Sampaguita as Fragrant.
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Pesticide from Radish Extract
Introductions:
A. Background of the Study
Radish is an annual herb widely grown for its edible fleshy, hot tasting roots maybe red, white or purple. Every part of the root or the plant can be used in different ways. The leaves and the roots are eaten raw in salads. Likewise, it can be cooked or mix with meat to satisfactory attain its delicious taste. Aside from food, it is dried for juice extraction.
Radishes were probably native to China. It was developed from a live plant that grows in the cooler region of Asia. It spread to the Mediterranean region before the Greek era and was introduced into the new world early in the 16th century. Radishes grow in Asia, Europe and America. It was the favorite of the ancient Egyptians, Greek and Chinese.
There is a little food value in the radish. It is use chiefly as a relish or to decorate salads. Radishes are the easiest of all garden vegetables to grow, but they should be given in a good rich soil. The first seed must be sown as soon as the ground is workable and not too cold for the seed to germinate.
B. Objectives
To produce pesticide out of radish extract.
C. Statement of the Problem
What is the effect of radish extract as pesticide on certain pests?
D. Hypothesis
There is no significant difference in using this natural pesticide from radish extract.
E. Importance of the Study
In choosing this project, we wanted to contribute knowledge in maintaining the good health of vegetable plants by using a pesticide out of radish extract. It maybe helpful in livelihood by producing good crops. The harvest can be sold to market as an additional income. It can also minimize the number of planters who used chemical which are found distractive to the environment.
F. Scope and Limitation
This study focused on the utilization of the extract from radish as pesticide against different kind of pests like worms, ants and aphids. Experimentation was done in our backyard and was applied in affected Guyabano plants and sugar apple fruit.
G. Review of Related Literature.
Radish, Raphanus sativus, belongs to the cabbage family, rassicaeae. It is grown for its fleshy root, which varies in sizes from the few grams of popular red American and European varieties to the one or more kilograms of the Japanese white or draikon.
There are two kinds of radish, one is planted for its crops and the other for its leaves and roots. Some varieties include Japanese radish, a big and long late harvest radish; and the China radish which is fine smooth and white. The latter is productive and has a moderate length of time for harvest. The icicle radish is white, early harvested and its long with small roots. Planters can harvest the plant in 60 days and other can harvest within 100 days from planting.
METHODOLOGY
Materials:
Mortar and Pestle
Empty Bottle sprayer
Clean cloth / katas
Knife
Bowl
1 kg Radish tubers
1 L pure radish extract
250 ml of 1:2 proportions, extract to water
250 ml of 1:1 proportion
250 ml of 2:1 proportion
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials needed
2. Collect one kg. of radish tubers
3. Wash them to remove dirt
4. Slice into small pieces
5. Pound it by using a mortar and pestle
6. Put in a clean cloth. Get the extract
7. Add enough amount of water to the extract in a ration of 1:1, 1:2; and 2:1 respectively.
8. Place each mixture in a sprayer bottle and applied into aphid, ant, worm affected sugar apple and guyabano plants.
9. Try several trials to determine the more effective proportion.
10. Record your observation.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table 1
Observation on the insecticidal effect of radish extract in certain pests
Trial Proportion Volume Length of Number of Insects
Extraction ML Application Worms Ants Aphids
Mean
1 pure 250 10 10 10 all found in
one fruit
2 2:1 250 10 10 10 all found in
one fruit 10
3 1:1 250 10 10 10 all found in
one fruit 10
4 1:2 250 10 10 10 all found in
one fruit 10
Table 2
Insecticidal effect of radish extract
Trial Number of Insects Killed Percentage
Worms Ants Aphids Worm Ants Aphids
1 10 10 half 100 100 50
2 1 2 none 10 20 0
3 0 0 none 0 0 0
4 0 0 none 0 0 0
Explanation
It reveals that pure radish extract is more effective rather that when water was added to it. It is 100% effective in worms and ants, and 50% effective in aphids. This shows that the radish extract is very effective in killing certain pests.
Findings:
After several experimentations, we found out that pure 100% radish extract when applied to aphid, worms, and ants is an effective pesticide. This pesticide can minimize the number of people who used chemical found and to affect our health and environment.
Conclusion:
Based on the data gathered. We therefore conclude the following:
1. The radish extract can be used as pesticide.
2. Pure radish extract is effective in killing certain pests.
Recommendation:
We recommended a more experimentations about radish extract must be done to improve the quality of the product.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
De Padua, Ludivina S.; Lugod, Gregorio C.; Pancho, Juan V.; Handbook of Philippine Medical Plants Volume 1; College of Science and Humanities University of Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna; Documentation and information Section Office of the Director of Research, University of the Philippine, Los Baños; 1977
Maramba, Nelia P.; Saludez, Jerry D.; Guide Book on the Proper Use of Medicinal Plants; Bicutan, Taguig Metro Manila; National Science and Technology Authority; 1982
Reyes, Angelica G.; Jovita G.; Santiago, Florenda I.; Philippine Plants; Philippine Christian University, Dela Salle University; St. Paul College Manila; University of the Philippine; 1985
Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003
A. Background of the Study
Radish is an annual herb widely grown for its edible fleshy, hot tasting roots maybe red, white or purple. Every part of the root or the plant can be used in different ways. The leaves and the roots are eaten raw in salads. Likewise, it can be cooked or mix with meat to satisfactory attain its delicious taste. Aside from food, it is dried for juice extraction.
Radishes were probably native to China. It was developed from a live plant that grows in the cooler region of Asia. It spread to the Mediterranean region before the Greek era and was introduced into the new world early in the 16th century. Radishes grow in Asia, Europe and America. It was the favorite of the ancient Egyptians, Greek and Chinese.
There is a little food value in the radish. It is use chiefly as a relish or to decorate salads. Radishes are the easiest of all garden vegetables to grow, but they should be given in a good rich soil. The first seed must be sown as soon as the ground is workable and not too cold for the seed to germinate.
B. Objectives
To produce pesticide out of radish extract.
C. Statement of the Problem
What is the effect of radish extract as pesticide on certain pests?
D. Hypothesis
There is no significant difference in using this natural pesticide from radish extract.
E. Importance of the Study
In choosing this project, we wanted to contribute knowledge in maintaining the good health of vegetable plants by using a pesticide out of radish extract. It maybe helpful in livelihood by producing good crops. The harvest can be sold to market as an additional income. It can also minimize the number of planters who used chemical which are found distractive to the environment.
F. Scope and Limitation
This study focused on the utilization of the extract from radish as pesticide against different kind of pests like worms, ants and aphids. Experimentation was done in our backyard and was applied in affected Guyabano plants and sugar apple fruit.
G. Review of Related Literature.
Radish, Raphanus sativus, belongs to the cabbage family, rassicaeae. It is grown for its fleshy root, which varies in sizes from the few grams of popular red American and European varieties to the one or more kilograms of the Japanese white or draikon.
There are two kinds of radish, one is planted for its crops and the other for its leaves and roots. Some varieties include Japanese radish, a big and long late harvest radish; and the China radish which is fine smooth and white. The latter is productive and has a moderate length of time for harvest. The icicle radish is white, early harvested and its long with small roots. Planters can harvest the plant in 60 days and other can harvest within 100 days from planting.
METHODOLOGY
Materials:
Mortar and Pestle
Empty Bottle sprayer
Clean cloth / katas
Knife
Bowl
1 kg Radish tubers
1 L pure radish extract
250 ml of 1:2 proportions, extract to water
250 ml of 1:1 proportion
250 ml of 2:1 proportion
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials needed
2. Collect one kg. of radish tubers
3. Wash them to remove dirt
4. Slice into small pieces
5. Pound it by using a mortar and pestle
6. Put in a clean cloth. Get the extract
7. Add enough amount of water to the extract in a ration of 1:1, 1:2; and 2:1 respectively.
8. Place each mixture in a sprayer bottle and applied into aphid, ant, worm affected sugar apple and guyabano plants.
9. Try several trials to determine the more effective proportion.
10. Record your observation.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table 1
Observation on the insecticidal effect of radish extract in certain pests
Trial Proportion Volume Length of Number of Insects
Extraction ML Application Worms Ants Aphids
Mean
1 pure 250 10 10 10 all found in
one fruit
2 2:1 250 10 10 10 all found in
one fruit 10
3 1:1 250 10 10 10 all found in
one fruit 10
4 1:2 250 10 10 10 all found in
one fruit 10
Table 2
Insecticidal effect of radish extract
Trial Number of Insects Killed Percentage
Worms Ants Aphids Worm Ants Aphids
1 10 10 half 100 100 50
2 1 2 none 10 20 0
3 0 0 none 0 0 0
4 0 0 none 0 0 0
Explanation
It reveals that pure radish extract is more effective rather that when water was added to it. It is 100% effective in worms and ants, and 50% effective in aphids. This shows that the radish extract is very effective in killing certain pests.
Findings:
After several experimentations, we found out that pure 100% radish extract when applied to aphid, worms, and ants is an effective pesticide. This pesticide can minimize the number of people who used chemical found and to affect our health and environment.
Conclusion:
Based on the data gathered. We therefore conclude the following:
1. The radish extract can be used as pesticide.
2. Pure radish extract is effective in killing certain pests.
Recommendation:
We recommended a more experimentations about radish extract must be done to improve the quality of the product.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
De Padua, Ludivina S.; Lugod, Gregorio C.; Pancho, Juan V.; Handbook of Philippine Medical Plants Volume 1; College of Science and Humanities University of Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna; Documentation and information Section Office of the Director of Research, University of the Philippine, Los Baños; 1977
Maramba, Nelia P.; Saludez, Jerry D.; Guide Book on the Proper Use of Medicinal Plants; Bicutan, Taguig Metro Manila; National Science and Technology Authority; 1982
Reyes, Angelica G.; Jovita G.; Santiago, Florenda I.; Philippine Plants; Philippine Christian University, Dela Salle University; St. Paul College Manila; University of the Philippine; 1985
Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003
Soy Sauce Out of Coconut Water
I – Introduction:
The coconut tree is considered as the “tree of life”. It has many uses form roots up to the leaves.
Roots serves as medicine, trunk as lumber, fruits use in many food, leaves use as decoration.
Some are used as or make into vinegar, but the water from the young coconut serve as medicine. It can also be preserved in a longer period of time and can be used in any food preparation. As the finding or result we compare it to the commercial soy sauce.
II – Introduction:
A. Background of the Study:
The coconut tree is the most versatile and valuable tree of the tropics, the trunk is one to two diameter. It has no branches but carries a crown of leaves 75 – 100 feet above the ground. The leaves like feathers with many segments and are usually 10 to 15 feet long. A tree yield as many 200 nuts a year but the average is 30. The nut is smooth in the outside, yellowish or greenish in color within the outer shell is fibrous thus 1 to 2 inches thick. The inner shell is brown and hard surrounding the coconut meat. The nut contains amount of fluid called coconut milk.
B. Statement of the Problem:
There are many difference uses of coconut tree, from roots up to the leaves. We focused to study the uses of coconut water. Water in this study we made cleaner through the following stated problems.
1) what are the different uses of coconut water, aside from making vinegar
2) What is the difference in taste, color and preservatives used in coconut soy sauce compared to commercial one.
III – Objective:
A. 1. To make soy sauce out of coconut water.
2. To recycle coconut water into useful product.
B. Scope and Limitation:
It was assumed from this study that coconut soy sauce has also good substitute to commercial one. We can recycle waste into useful products.
Conclusion:
According to the outcome of this investigatory project the research therefore conclude that in using the coconut soy sauce. It has no bad effect to our health and we can use it in any desired food preparation.
The coconut tree is considered as the “tree of life”. It has many uses form roots up to the leaves.
Roots serves as medicine, trunk as lumber, fruits use in many food, leaves use as decoration.
Some are used as or make into vinegar, but the water from the young coconut serve as medicine. It can also be preserved in a longer period of time and can be used in any food preparation. As the finding or result we compare it to the commercial soy sauce.
II – Introduction:
A. Background of the Study:
The coconut tree is the most versatile and valuable tree of the tropics, the trunk is one to two diameter. It has no branches but carries a crown of leaves 75 – 100 feet above the ground. The leaves like feathers with many segments and are usually 10 to 15 feet long. A tree yield as many 200 nuts a year but the average is 30. The nut is smooth in the outside, yellowish or greenish in color within the outer shell is fibrous thus 1 to 2 inches thick. The inner shell is brown and hard surrounding the coconut meat. The nut contains amount of fluid called coconut milk.
B. Statement of the Problem:
There are many difference uses of coconut tree, from roots up to the leaves. We focused to study the uses of coconut water. Water in this study we made cleaner through the following stated problems.
1) what are the different uses of coconut water, aside from making vinegar
2) What is the difference in taste, color and preservatives used in coconut soy sauce compared to commercial one.
III – Objective:
A. 1. To make soy sauce out of coconut water.
2. To recycle coconut water into useful product.
B. Scope and Limitation:
It was assumed from this study that coconut soy sauce has also good substitute to commercial one. We can recycle waste into useful products.
Conclusion:
According to the outcome of this investigatory project the research therefore conclude that in using the coconut soy sauce. It has no bad effect to our health and we can use it in any desired food preparation.
Using Natural Dyes from Plants In Producing Colored paste
Abstract:
Paste is a type of glue made from starch or dextrin, a starch product. This investigatory project shows that we can produce our own colored paste without spending much time and money and by performing simple steps. That’s why this Science Investigatory Project can help students save their money instead of spending it in buying expensive and commercialized colored glue. In addition, this colored paste can be an additional source of income. It’s not just affordable, it’s also safe and non-toxic because the ingredients used are starch, water, natural dyes from plants and alum. Alum is used as preservative to prolong the shelf-life of the paste. Natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and turmeric were tested as coloring for this paste. We can also used other coloring from plants by researching and do further study to improve the quality of this colored paste.
Introduction:
Background of the Study:
Nowadays our country has big problem about our economy. Everyone to solve it, but what do you think are the possible ways to prevent his crisis? I suggest that being practical is one of the solution to this problem. As students, we can be practical by using our heads instead of wasting our money. This project do not need much time and money because we can make our own colored paste within a short period of time. The basic ingredients are water, alum, natural dye from plants and cassava starch. Starch glue is the general name for adhesives made from wheat, starch, potato starch, cornstarch or cassava starch modified with acids, alkalies or oxidizing agents. I used alum in this project to prolong the shelf life of the paste and also to let the paste not to be spoiled easily. The coloring that I used in my experiment is the seeds of Annatto (BIXA ORELLANA Linn). The seeds of the Annatto are used locally for coloring food. The coloring matter of the fruit, Annatto is employed commercially for coloring butter and in preparation of various polishers for russet leather. I also tested the roots of turmeric (Curcuma Longa Linn.) as coloring. The rhizomes of turmeric, or dilau, are commonly sold in the Manila markets, and are used as a condiment as an ingredients of curry powder, and for coloring food and other materials.
Statement of the Problem:
This study sought to answer the following problems:
1. Can we produce colored paste out of cassava starch, water, alum and natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and roots of turmeric?
2. Is the proposed paste safe to use?
3. What is the best preservative that can be used in the colored paste?
Hypothesis:
1. We can produce colored paste out of cassava starch, natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and roots of turmeric, alum and water.
2. The proposed paste is safe to use.
3. Alum is the best preservative for colored paste.
Significance of the Study:
The significance of the study I that we can produce colored paste without wasting much time and money. For example, your house is very far from the bookstore and there is no available colored glue in the store near to your house and you need to design a birthday card. You can produce colored paste instead of traveling very far from your house to the bookstore just to buy expensive colored glues. This project can help not only students but also those who don’t have permanent job because it can be additional source of income.
Objective of the Study:
The objectives of this study are:
1. To make a cheaper colored paste.
2. To make a non toxic and safe paste.
3. To lessen the burden of the students who undergo financial difficulties on how to budget their money.
Scope and Delimitations:
This Study has the following scope and delimitations:
1. This study used only Annatto seeds, mayana and turmeric as the coloring.
In my first experiment, I used the leaves of mayana as coloring but the color varied after one day. I have already tried to used flowers as coloring but the paste harden because I put it in the jar without waiting for it to cool.
2. This is produced only to have instant colored paste.
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature:
Starch may be further processed into such products as dextrin.
Starch glue is the general name for adhesives made from wheat starch, potato starch, or cassava starch modified with acids, alkalies, or oxidizing agents, it has poor resistance to moisture.
Commercial is obtained from the starch of tapioca, maize and sweet potatoes.
The halogen elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) also serve as oxidizing agents. When chloride combines with sodium chloride or common salt, the sodium atoms give up electron to the chloride atoms.
A salt is derived from an acid when one or more hydrogen atoms of the acid are replaced by one or more metal ions positively charged radicals.
Alkalies are usually salts or hydroxide of sodium potassium, lithium or ammonia.
The seeds of the Annatto tree are used locally for coloring food. The coloring matter of the fruit, Annatto, is employed commercially for coloring butter and in the preparation of various polishers for russet leather.
The rhizomes of turmeric, or dilau, are commonly sold in Manila markets, and are used as condiments as an ingredients of curry powder, and for coloring food and other materials.
Turmeric is one of the best-known material dyes. Being used for dyeing silk, wool and cotton.
Alumina is used to make abrasive and high-temperature refraction’s, ceramics and glass.
Heated Alumina has a porous structure that easily absorb moisture and vapors.
Alumina compounds produce alums are used for waterproofing fabrics and as the antiperspirant commercial deodorant.
Definition of Terms:
Paste – a type of glue made from starch or dextrin, a starch product.
Dextrin – a gummy substance used primarily in making adhesives.
Rhizomes – a fleshy horizontal underground stem of some perennial herbs.
Alkali – in chemistry, alkali generally refers to any strongly basic compound.
Annatto – (BIXA ORELLANA Linn) English name: Annatto tagalong name: Atsuete.
Alum – any of a group of compounds that contain the sulfates of two different
Metals – aluminum is often of the metals – and water of hydration.
CHAPTER III
Methodology:
Materials and Equipment to be used:
* Casserole * Cassava starch
* Bowl * Alum (tawas)
* Stove * Natural dye
* Mortar and Pestel * Stainer
Procedures:
First you must prepare all the materials needed. After preparing, extract the coloring. If you will use leaves, extract it by sleeping it into half cup of hot water. If roots of turmeric will be used as coloring, grind it in the mortar and pestel then cover with half cup of hot water. And if you will use Annatto seeds, extract it by covering with half cup of hot water. After extracting separate the dye from the solid particles by pouring it to the stainer. Add 2 teaspoon of alum into the coloring in a bowl. Add 3 teaspoon of cassava starch. Heat the casserole in the stove and pour the solution if the casserole is already hot. Stir until it becomes sticky. If it is sticky enough remove the casserole in the stove and wait for it to cool. If it hot anymore, you can transfer it in the container.
Data to be controlled:
This study needs only to produce a colored paste that is why no data will be collected. This only need to describe the product produced.
CHAPTER IV
Presentation and Analysis of Data:
1. Observation in Coloring Used
Coloring Used Observation
Annatto seeds The color did not fade
Mayana leaves The color faded after 1 day
Roots of Turmeric The color did not fade
The table shows that Annatto seeds and roots of Turmeric can be used to produce colored paste. The mayana leaves can be used but faded after one day.
2. Observations in Preservatives used to prolong the shelf life of the paste.
Preservatives Observations
Alum (tawas) Still sticky after four days and not spoiled yet dries up easily.
Oil Spoiled after one day
Salt Less sticky after four days not spoiled yet. Do not drive up easily
The table shows that tawas or alum is the best preservative for colored paste.
CHAPTER V
Summary:
We can produce colored paste by using cassava starch, water, alum and natural dyes from plants. Alum is the best preservative for paste. In this project, Annatto seeds and roots of turmeric plant was the best coloring. Through this Science Investigatory Project, we can produce affordable and safe paste because the ingredients used were not having toxic chemicals. This project can be an additional source of income for those who don’t have permanent job. And also, it can help students to produce their own paste instead of buying high priced and commercialized colored glues.
Conclusion:
After the study had been done, the following conclusions were made.
1. We can produce a colored paste out of natural dyes from Annatto seeds, mayana leaves and roots of turmeric.
2. The produced paste is safe to use since it does not contain any toxic chemicals.
3. The tawas or alum is the best preservative for colored paste.
Recommendation:
The following recommendation were given
1. Perform further study in producing other color of the colored paste using other plants.
2. Test other preservatives to lengthen the shelf life of the colored paste.
3. Do further study to improve the quality of the colored paste made.
Paste is a type of glue made from starch or dextrin, a starch product. This investigatory project shows that we can produce our own colored paste without spending much time and money and by performing simple steps. That’s why this Science Investigatory Project can help students save their money instead of spending it in buying expensive and commercialized colored glue. In addition, this colored paste can be an additional source of income. It’s not just affordable, it’s also safe and non-toxic because the ingredients used are starch, water, natural dyes from plants and alum. Alum is used as preservative to prolong the shelf-life of the paste. Natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and turmeric were tested as coloring for this paste. We can also used other coloring from plants by researching and do further study to improve the quality of this colored paste.
Introduction:
Background of the Study:
Nowadays our country has big problem about our economy. Everyone to solve it, but what do you think are the possible ways to prevent his crisis? I suggest that being practical is one of the solution to this problem. As students, we can be practical by using our heads instead of wasting our money. This project do not need much time and money because we can make our own colored paste within a short period of time. The basic ingredients are water, alum, natural dye from plants and cassava starch. Starch glue is the general name for adhesives made from wheat, starch, potato starch, cornstarch or cassava starch modified with acids, alkalies or oxidizing agents. I used alum in this project to prolong the shelf life of the paste and also to let the paste not to be spoiled easily. The coloring that I used in my experiment is the seeds of Annatto (BIXA ORELLANA Linn). The seeds of the Annatto are used locally for coloring food. The coloring matter of the fruit, Annatto is employed commercially for coloring butter and in preparation of various polishers for russet leather. I also tested the roots of turmeric (Curcuma Longa Linn.) as coloring. The rhizomes of turmeric, or dilau, are commonly sold in the Manila markets, and are used as a condiment as an ingredients of curry powder, and for coloring food and other materials.
Statement of the Problem:
This study sought to answer the following problems:
1. Can we produce colored paste out of cassava starch, water, alum and natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and roots of turmeric?
2. Is the proposed paste safe to use?
3. What is the best preservative that can be used in the colored paste?
Hypothesis:
1. We can produce colored paste out of cassava starch, natural dyes from plants like Annatto seeds, mayana and roots of turmeric, alum and water.
2. The proposed paste is safe to use.
3. Alum is the best preservative for colored paste.
Significance of the Study:
The significance of the study I that we can produce colored paste without wasting much time and money. For example, your house is very far from the bookstore and there is no available colored glue in the store near to your house and you need to design a birthday card. You can produce colored paste instead of traveling very far from your house to the bookstore just to buy expensive colored glues. This project can help not only students but also those who don’t have permanent job because it can be additional source of income.
Objective of the Study:
The objectives of this study are:
1. To make a cheaper colored paste.
2. To make a non toxic and safe paste.
3. To lessen the burden of the students who undergo financial difficulties on how to budget their money.
Scope and Delimitations:
This Study has the following scope and delimitations:
1. This study used only Annatto seeds, mayana and turmeric as the coloring.
In my first experiment, I used the leaves of mayana as coloring but the color varied after one day. I have already tried to used flowers as coloring but the paste harden because I put it in the jar without waiting for it to cool.
2. This is produced only to have instant colored paste.
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature:
Starch may be further processed into such products as dextrin.
Starch glue is the general name for adhesives made from wheat starch, potato starch, or cassava starch modified with acids, alkalies, or oxidizing agents, it has poor resistance to moisture.
Commercial is obtained from the starch of tapioca, maize and sweet potatoes.
The halogen elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) also serve as oxidizing agents. When chloride combines with sodium chloride or common salt, the sodium atoms give up electron to the chloride atoms.
A salt is derived from an acid when one or more hydrogen atoms of the acid are replaced by one or more metal ions positively charged radicals.
Alkalies are usually salts or hydroxide of sodium potassium, lithium or ammonia.
The seeds of the Annatto tree are used locally for coloring food. The coloring matter of the fruit, Annatto, is employed commercially for coloring butter and in the preparation of various polishers for russet leather.
The rhizomes of turmeric, or dilau, are commonly sold in Manila markets, and are used as condiments as an ingredients of curry powder, and for coloring food and other materials.
Turmeric is one of the best-known material dyes. Being used for dyeing silk, wool and cotton.
Alumina is used to make abrasive and high-temperature refraction’s, ceramics and glass.
Heated Alumina has a porous structure that easily absorb moisture and vapors.
Alumina compounds produce alums are used for waterproofing fabrics and as the antiperspirant commercial deodorant.
Definition of Terms:
Paste – a type of glue made from starch or dextrin, a starch product.
Dextrin – a gummy substance used primarily in making adhesives.
Rhizomes – a fleshy horizontal underground stem of some perennial herbs.
Alkali – in chemistry, alkali generally refers to any strongly basic compound.
Annatto – (BIXA ORELLANA Linn) English name: Annatto tagalong name: Atsuete.
Alum – any of a group of compounds that contain the sulfates of two different
Metals – aluminum is often of the metals – and water of hydration.
CHAPTER III
Methodology:
Materials and Equipment to be used:
* Casserole * Cassava starch
* Bowl * Alum (tawas)
* Stove * Natural dye
* Mortar and Pestel * Stainer
Procedures:
First you must prepare all the materials needed. After preparing, extract the coloring. If you will use leaves, extract it by sleeping it into half cup of hot water. If roots of turmeric will be used as coloring, grind it in the mortar and pestel then cover with half cup of hot water. And if you will use Annatto seeds, extract it by covering with half cup of hot water. After extracting separate the dye from the solid particles by pouring it to the stainer. Add 2 teaspoon of alum into the coloring in a bowl. Add 3 teaspoon of cassava starch. Heat the casserole in the stove and pour the solution if the casserole is already hot. Stir until it becomes sticky. If it is sticky enough remove the casserole in the stove and wait for it to cool. If it hot anymore, you can transfer it in the container.
Data to be controlled:
This study needs only to produce a colored paste that is why no data will be collected. This only need to describe the product produced.
CHAPTER IV
Presentation and Analysis of Data:
1. Observation in Coloring Used
Coloring Used Observation
Annatto seeds The color did not fade
Mayana leaves The color faded after 1 day
Roots of Turmeric The color did not fade
The table shows that Annatto seeds and roots of Turmeric can be used to produce colored paste. The mayana leaves can be used but faded after one day.
2. Observations in Preservatives used to prolong the shelf life of the paste.
Preservatives Observations
Alum (tawas) Still sticky after four days and not spoiled yet dries up easily.
Oil Spoiled after one day
Salt Less sticky after four days not spoiled yet. Do not drive up easily
The table shows that tawas or alum is the best preservative for colored paste.
CHAPTER V
Summary:
We can produce colored paste by using cassava starch, water, alum and natural dyes from plants. Alum is the best preservative for paste. In this project, Annatto seeds and roots of turmeric plant was the best coloring. Through this Science Investigatory Project, we can produce affordable and safe paste because the ingredients used were not having toxic chemicals. This project can be an additional source of income for those who don’t have permanent job. And also, it can help students to produce their own paste instead of buying high priced and commercialized colored glues.
Conclusion:
After the study had been done, the following conclusions were made.
1. We can produce a colored paste out of natural dyes from Annatto seeds, mayana leaves and roots of turmeric.
2. The produced paste is safe to use since it does not contain any toxic chemicals.
3. The tawas or alum is the best preservative for colored paste.
Recommendation:
The following recommendation were given
1. Perform further study in producing other color of the colored paste using other plants.
2. Test other preservatives to lengthen the shelf life of the colored paste.
3. Do further study to improve the quality of the colored paste made.
Laudry Soap Using Local Materials
PROBLEM:
Is it possible to prepare laundry soap using local materials.
HYPOTHESIS:
It is possible to prepare laundry soap using local materials, because it is the same procedure like other brand but the materials is not the same.
MATERIALS:
6 Measuring Cups Lye
1 Measuring cup of a mixture of animal fats and coco oil
20 Tablets Sodium Carbonate
PROCUDURE:
Mix all the materials in a kittle, heat the mixture in the low flame. Mix it for half an hour in one direction until the reaction is complete. Remove from the flame but continue mixing till it become sticky. Transfer in a molder. Do not use an aluminum molder. Set aside to hardened.
OBSERVATION:
When we mix Lye and oil we observed that the solution become cloudy. There is a reaction as we mix the mixture in a low flame a jelly like solution was observed after 30 minutes of mixing we observed that it become sticky.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Sodium Carbonate – is a filler use to remove grease or excess fats.
Soap – is a product of safonification.
Lye – is a common name for a diluted caustic soda or soda ash.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
Soap – cleansing agent or detergent, made from animal and vegetable fats, oils & grease; chemically, the sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid, form by the interaction of fats and oils with alkali.
CONCLUSION:
I therefore conclude that soap can be made from local materials.
APPLICATION:
Soap is a very important item in the household may it laundry soap or bath soap. If housewives can be given proper guidance in soap making using local materials they would be saving a lot. In rural areas instead of going to town to buy soap they just make soap at home.
Is it possible to prepare laundry soap using local materials.
HYPOTHESIS:
It is possible to prepare laundry soap using local materials, because it is the same procedure like other brand but the materials is not the same.
MATERIALS:
6 Measuring Cups Lye
1 Measuring cup of a mixture of animal fats and coco oil
20 Tablets Sodium Carbonate
PROCUDURE:
Mix all the materials in a kittle, heat the mixture in the low flame. Mix it for half an hour in one direction until the reaction is complete. Remove from the flame but continue mixing till it become sticky. Transfer in a molder. Do not use an aluminum molder. Set aside to hardened.
OBSERVATION:
When we mix Lye and oil we observed that the solution become cloudy. There is a reaction as we mix the mixture in a low flame a jelly like solution was observed after 30 minutes of mixing we observed that it become sticky.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Sodium Carbonate – is a filler use to remove grease or excess fats.
Soap – is a product of safonification.
Lye – is a common name for a diluted caustic soda or soda ash.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
Soap – cleansing agent or detergent, made from animal and vegetable fats, oils & grease; chemically, the sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid, form by the interaction of fats and oils with alkali.
CONCLUSION:
I therefore conclude that soap can be made from local materials.
APPLICATION:
Soap is a very important item in the household may it laundry soap or bath soap. If housewives can be given proper guidance in soap making using local materials they would be saving a lot. In rural areas instead of going to town to buy soap they just make soap at home.
How to make tiles using gasoline and Styrofoam
Problem : How to make a tiles by using gasoline?
Objective : Our purpose is to have more creative mind or to enhance our creativity and for not spending much money.
Materials : Styrofoam
1 cup gasoline
1 beaker
1 stirring rod
wood care (square)
Procedures:
a.) First, put 1 cup gasoline to the beaker with Styrofoam
b.) After 10 seconds or stirring it the Styrofoam will melt
c.) Then transfer it to the wood case (square), observe it in 1 week.
d.) After 1 week the gasoline and Styrofoam will perfectly become tiles
Conclusion:
Therefore we conclude that we can use Styrofoam and gasoline in making tiles. We cannot spend much money to buy or make a tiles.
Caution: Do not use plastic up or anything that made of plastic as container.
Objective : Our purpose is to have more creative mind or to enhance our creativity and for not spending much money.
Materials : Styrofoam
1 cup gasoline
1 beaker
1 stirring rod
wood care (square)
Procedures:
a.) First, put 1 cup gasoline to the beaker with Styrofoam
b.) After 10 seconds or stirring it the Styrofoam will melt
c.) Then transfer it to the wood case (square), observe it in 1 week.
d.) After 1 week the gasoline and Styrofoam will perfectly become tiles
Conclusion:
Therefore we conclude that we can use Styrofoam and gasoline in making tiles. We cannot spend much money to buy or make a tiles.
Caution: Do not use plastic up or anything that made of plastic as container.
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